What are the advantages and disadvantages of using single-chip microcontrollers in embedded systems?

导读：" AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUsingSingle-ChipMicrocontrollersinEmbeddedSystemsEmbeddedsystemsareanintegralpartofmoderntechnology,poweringawiderangeofdevicesfromsmartphonestosmarthomeappliances.Single-chipmicrocontrollers(MCUs)playacrucialroleintheses"

AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofUsingSingle-ChipMicrocontrollersinEmbeddedSystems

Embeddedsystemsareanintegralpartofmoderntechnology,poweringawiderangeofdevicesfromsmartphonestosmarthomeappliances.Single-chipmicrocontrollers(MCUs)playacrucialroleinthesesystems,offeringacompactandefficientsolution.However,likeanytechnology,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagestousingsingle-chipMCUs.Inthisarticle,wewillexploretheseprosandconstoprovideacomprehensiveunderstandingoftheirusageinembeddedsystems.

Advantages:

1.Cost-effective:Single-chipMCUsaregenerallymorecost-effectivecomparedtootheroptions.Thesemicrocontrollersintegrateallessentialcomponents,includingthecentralprocessingunit(CPU),memory,andinput/outputinterfaces,ontoasinglechip.Thisintegrationeliminatestheneedforadditionalcomponents,reducingtheoverallcostofthesystem.

2.Compactsize:Thecompactsizeofsingle-chipMCUsmakesthemidealforembeddedsystems,wherespaceisoftenlimited.Byintegratingvariousfunctionalitiesontoasinglechip,thesemicrocontrollerssignificantlyreducethesizeofthesystem,allowingformorecompactandportabledesigns.

3.Powerefficiency:Anotheradvantageofsingle-chipMCUsistheirpowerefficiency.Thesemicrocontrollersaredesignedtooperateonlowpower,makingthemsuitableforbattery-powereddevices.Byoptimizingpowerconsumption,single-chipMCUsextendthebatterylifeofembeddedsystems,enhancingtheirusabilityandreducingtheoverallenergyconsumption.

4.Fasterdevelopmenttime:Single-chipMCUsoftencomewithdevelopmenttoolsandlibrariesthatstreamlinethesoftwaredevelopmentprocess.Thesetoolsprovidedeveloperswithready-to-usefunctionsandinterfaces,enablingfasterprototypingandreducingtime-to-marketforembeddedsystems.Additionally,theavailabilityofavastcommunityandonlineresourcesfurtherenhancesthedevelopmentprocess.

Disadvantages:

1.Limitedprocessingpower:Single-chipMCUstypicallyhavelimitedprocessingpowercomparedtomoreadvancedmicroprocessorsormicrocontrollers.Thislimitationcanrestrictthecomplexityofapplicationsthatcanbeimplementedonthesedevices.High-performancetasksorcomputationallyintensiveapplicationsmayrequiremorepowerfulprocessors,makingsingle-chipMCUsunsuitableforsuchscenarios.

2.Limitedmemorycapacity:Similarly,single-chipMCUsoftenhavelimitedmemorycapacitycomparedtoothersystems.Thelimitedmemorycanimposerestrictionsontheamountofdatathatcanbestoredandprocessedbytheembeddedsystem.Thislimitationcanbeachallengewhendealingwithlargedatasetsorcomplexalgorithms.

3.Lackofscalability:Single-chipMCUsaredesignedforspecificapplicationsandmaylackscalability.Iftheembeddedsystemrequirementschangeorevolveovertime,upgradingorreplacingthesingle-chipMCUmaybenecessary.Thiscanleadtoadditionalcostsanddevelopmentefforts,especiallyifthenewMCUrequiresmodificationstotheexistinghardwareorsoftware.

4.Hardwarelimitations:Single-chipMCUsmayhavelimitedinput/output(I/O)optionsorlackcertainhardwarefeaturesrequiredforspecificapplications.Forinstance,theymaynotsupportadvancedcommunicationprotocolsorhavelimitedconnectivityoptions.Theselimitationscanrestrictthefunctionalityandcompatibilityofembeddedsystems.

Insummary,single-chipmicrocontrollersofferseveraladvantagessuchascost-effectiveness,compactsize,powerefficiency,andfasterdevelopmenttime.However,theyalsopossesslimitationsintermsofprocessingpower,memorycapacity,scalability,andhardwarefeatures.Whendesigninganembeddedsystem,itiscrucialtocarefullyconsidertheseprosandconstoensurethechosenmicrocontrolleralignswiththespecificrequirementsandconstraintsoftheapplication.

关于单片机控制步进电机的英文参考文献

文献蚂举1:

Thisprojectaimedtodevelopawirelesssystemtodetectandallowonlytheauthorizedpersons.ThesystemwasbasedonRadioFrequencyIdentification(RFID)technologyandconsistsofapassiveRFIDtag.Thepassivemicrotranspondertagcollectspowerfromthe125KHzmagneticfieldgeneratedbythebasestation,gathersinformationabouttheTagIDandsendsthisinformationtothebasestation.Thebasestationreceives,decodesandcheckstheinformationavailableinitsDatabaseandManchestercodewasusedtosendthoseinformation.Thesystemperformedasdesiredwitha10cmdiameterantennaattachedtothetransponder.TheBaseStationisbuiltbyusingthePopular8051familyMicrocontroller.ItgetsthetagIDandifthetagIDisstoredinitsmemorythenthemicrocontrollerwillallowthepersoninside.

RFIDReaderModule,arealsocalledasinterrogators.TheyconvertradiowavesreturnedfromtheRFIDtagintoaformthatcanbepassedontoControllers,whichcanmakeuseofit.RFIDtagsandreadershavetobetunedtothesamefrequencyinordertocommunicate.RFIDsystemsusemanydifferentfrequencies,butthemostcommonandwidelyusedReaderfrequencyis125KHz.

全部内高卖容及下载戚物逗地址:

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文献2:

全部见:

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StepperMotorAdvantages

andDisadvantages

Advantages

1.Therotationangleofthemotoris

proportionaltotheinputpulse.

2.Themotorhasfulltorqueatstand-

still(ifthewindingsareenergized)

3.Precisepositioningandrepeat-

abilityofmovementsincegood

steppermotorshaveanaccuracyof

3–5%ofastepandthiserroris

noncumulativefromonestepto

thenext.

4.Excellentresponsetostarting/

stopping/reversing.

5.Veryreliablesincetherearenocon-

tactbrushesinthemotor.

Thereforethelifeofthemotoris

simplydependantonthelifeofthe

bearing.

6.Themotorsresponsetodigital

inputpulsesprovidesopen-loop

control,makingthemotorsimpler

andlesscostlytocontrol.

7.Itispossibletoachieveverylow

speedsynchronousrotationwitha

loadthatisdirectlycoupledtothe

shaft.

8.Awiderangeofrotationalspeeds

canberealizedasthespeedis

proportionaltothefrequency

全文见:

求单片机 英文参考文献

【1】V.Yu.Teplov,A.V.Anisimov.ThermostattingSystemUsingaSingle-ChipMicrocomputerandThermoelectricModulesBasedonthePeltierEffect[J],2002

【2】YeagerBrent.Howtotroubleshootyourelectronicscale[J]..PowderandBulkEngineering.1995

【销核伍3】MeehanJoanne,MuirLindsey.SCMinMerseysideSMEs:Benefitsandbarriers[J]..TQMJournal.2008

　　看着有用的用吧，单片机很多东西，也不知亏或道你氏慎的具体是哪个方面的。

急!!急!!紧急求助!!关于单片机的外文参考文献!!!

[3]AT89C51DATASHEEPPhilipsSemiconductors1999.dec

[4]Yang.Y.,Yi.J.,Woo,Y.Y.,andKim.B.:‘余告OptimumdesignforlinearityandefficiencyofmicrowaveDohertyamplifierusinganewloadmatchingtechnique’,Microw.J.,2001,44,(12),pp.20–36

[5]Vizimuller,P.:‘渗友RFdesignguide-systems,circuits,andequations’(ArtechHouse,Boston,MA,1995)[6]R.Dye,“VisualObject-OrientatedProgramming,”丛毁槐Dr.DobbsMacintoshJournal,Sept.1st(1991).

单片机英文文献及翻译,5000字左右 急需 谢谢 ruihuamin2007@126.com...

IntroductionofProgrammablecontrollers

Fromasimpleheritage,theseremarkablesystemshaveevolvedtonotonlyreplaceelectromechanicaldevices,buttosolveanever-increasingarrayofcontrolproblemsinbothprocessandnonprocessindustries.Byallindications,thesemicroprocessorpoweredgiantswillcontinuetobreaknewgroundintheautomatedfactoryintothe1990s.

HISTORY

Inthe1960s,electromechanicaldevicesweretheorderofthedayassfarascontrolwasconcerned.Thesedevices,commonlyknownasrelays,werebeingusedbythethousandstocontrolmanysequential-typemanufacturingprocessesandstand-alongmachines.Manyoftheserelayswereinuseinthetransportationindustry,morespecifically,theautomotiveindustry.Theserelaysusedhundredsofwiresandtheirinterconnectionstoeffectacontrolsolution.Theperformanceofarelaywasbasicallyreliable-atleastasasingledevice.Butthecommonapplicationsforrelaypanelscalledfor300to500ormorerelays,andthereliabilityandmaintenanceissuesassociatedwithsupportingthesepanelsbecameaverygreatchallenge.Costbecameanotherissue,forinspiteofthelowcostoftherelayitself,theinstalledcostofthepanelcouldbequitehigh.Thetotalcostincludingpurchasedparts,wiring,andinstallationlabor,couldrangefrom$30~$50perrelay.Tomakemattersworse,theconstantlychangingneedsofaprocesscalledforrecurringmodificationsofacontrolpanel.Withrelays,thiswasacostlyprospect,asitwasaccomplishedbyamajorrewiringeffortonthepanel.Inadditionthesechangesweresometimespoorlydocumented,causingasecond-shiftmaintenancenightmaremonthslater.Inlightofthis,itwasnotuncommontodiscardanentirecontrolpanelinfavorofanewonewiththeappropriatecomponentswiredinamannersuitedforthenewprocess.Addtothistheunpredictable,andpotentiallyhigh,costofmaintainingthesesystemsasonhigh-volumemotorvehicleproductionlines,anditbecameclearthatsomethingwasneededtoimprovethecontrolprocess–tomakeitmorereliable,easiertotroubleshoot,andmoreadaptabletochangingcontrolneeds.

Thatsomething,inthelate1960s,wasthefirstprogrammablecontroller.Thisfirst‘revolutionary’systemwandevelopedasaspecificresponsetotheneedsofthemajorautomotivemanufacturersintheUnitedStates.Theseearlycontrollers,orprogrammablelogiccontrollers(PLC),representedthefirstsystemsthat1couldbeusedonthefactoryfloor,2couldhavethere‘logic’changedwithoutextensiverewiringorcomponentchanges,and3wereeasytodiagnoseandrepairwhenproblemsoccurred.

Itisinterestingtoobservetheprogressthathasbeenmadeinthepast15yearsintheprogrammablecontrollerarea.Thepioneerproductsofthelate1960smusthavebeenconfusingandfrighteningtoagreatnumberofpeople.Forexample,whathappenedtothehardwiredandelectromechanicaldevicesthatmaintenancepersonnelwereusedtorepairingwithhandtools?Theywerereplacedwith‘computers’disguisedaselectronicsdesignedtoreplacerelays.Eventheprogrammingtoolsweredesignedtoappearasrelayequivalentpresentations.Wehavetheopportunitynowtoexaminethepromise,inretrospect,thattheprogrammablecontrollerbroughttomanufacturing.

AllprogrammablecontrollersconsistofthebasicfunctionalblocksshowninFig.10.1.We’llexamineeachblocktounderstandtherelationshiptothecontrolsystem.Firstwelookatthecenter,asitistheheart(oratleastthebrain)ofthesystem.Itconsistsofamicroprocessor,logicmemoryforthestorageoftheactualcontrollogic,storageorvariablememoryforusewithdatathatwillordinarilychangeasafunctionpowerfortheprocessorandmemory.NextcomestheI/Oblock.ThisfunctiontakesthecontrollevelsignalsfortheCPUandconvertsthemtovoltageandcurrentlevelssuitableforconnectionwithfactorygradesensorsandactuators.TheI/Otypecanrangefromdigital(discreteoron/off),analog(continuouslyvariable),oravarietyofspecialpurpose‘smart’I/Owhicharededicatedtoacertainapplicationtask.Theprogrammerisshownhere,butitisnormallyusedonlytoinitiallyconfigureandprogramasystemandisnotrequiredforthesystemtooperate.Itisalsousedintroubleshootingasystem,andcanprovetobeavaluabletoolinpinpointingtheexactcauseofaproblem.ThefielddevicesshownhererepresentthevarioussensorsandactuatorsconnectedtotheI/O.Thesearethearms,legs,eyes,andearsofthesystem,includingpushbuttons,limitswitches,proximityswitches,photosensors,thermocouples,RTDS,positionsensingdevices,andbarcodereaderasinput;andpilotlights,displaydevices,motorstarters,DCandACdrives,solenoids,andprintersasoutputs.

Nosingleattemptcouldcoveritsrapidlychangingscope,butthreebasiccharacteristicscanbeexaminedtogiveclassifyanindustrialcontroldeviceasaprogrammablecontroller.

(1)Itsbasicinternaloperationistosolvelogicfromthebeginningofmemorytosomespecifiedpoint,suchasendofmemoryorendofprogram.Oncetheendisreached,theoperationbeginsagainatthebeginningofmemory.Thisscanningprocesscontinuesfromthetimepowerissuppliedtothetimeititremoved.

(2)Theprogramminglogicisaformofarelayladderdiagram.Normallyopen,normallyclosedcontacts,andrelaycoilsareusedwithinaformatutilizingaleftandarightverticalrail.Powerflow(symbolicpositiveelectronflow)isusedtodeterminewhichcoiloroutputsareenergizedordeenergized.

(3)Themachineisdesignedfortheindustrialenvironmentfromitsbasicconcept;thisprotectionisnotaddedatalaterdate.TheindustrialenvironmentincludesunreliableACpower,hightemperatures(0to60degreeCelsius),extremesofhumidity,vibrations,RFnoise,andothersimilarparameters.

Generalapplicationareas

Theprogrammablecontrollerisusedinawidevarietyofcontrolapplicationstoday,manyofwhichwerenoteconomicallypossiblejustafewyearsago.Thisistruefortwogeneralreasons:1therecosteffectiveness(thatis,thecostperI/Opoint)hasimproveddramaticallywiththefallingpricesofmicroprocessorsandrelatedcomponents,and2theabilityofthecontrollertosolvecomplexcomputationandcommunicationtaskshasmadeitpossibletouseitwhereadedicatedcomputerwaspreviouslyused.

Applicationsforprogrammablecontrollerscanbecategorizedinanumberofdifferentways,includinggeneralandindustrialapplicationcategories.Butitisimportanttounderstandtheframeworkinwhichcontrollersarepresentlyunderstoodandusedsothatthefullscopeofpresentandfutureevolutioncanbeexamined.Itisthroughthepowerofapplicationsthatcontrollerscanbeseenintheirfulllight.Industrialapplicationsincludemanyinbothdiscretemanufacturingandprocessindustries.Automotiveindustryapplications,thegenesisoftheprogrammablecontroller,continuetoprovidethelargestbaseofopportunity.Otherindustries,suchasfoodprocessingandutilities,providecurrentdevelopmentopportunities.

Therearefivegeneralapplicationareasinwhichprogrammablecontrollersareused.Atypicalinstallationwilluseoneormoreoftheseintegratedtothecontrolsystemproblem.Thefivegeneralareasareexplainedbrieflybelow.

Description

TheAT89C51isalow-power,high-performanceCMOS8-bitmicrocomputerwith4KbytesofFlashprogrammableanderasablereadonlymemory(PEROM).ThedeviceismanufacturedusingAtmel’shigh-densitynonvolatilememorytechnologyandiscompatiblewiththeindustry-standardMCS-51instructionsetandpinout.Theon-chipFlashallowstheprogrammemorytobereprogrammedin-systemorbyaconventionalnonvolatilememoryprogrammer.Bycombiningaversatile8-bitCPUwithFlashonamonolithicchip,theAtmelAT89C51isapowerfulmicrocomputerwhichprovidesahighly-flexibleandcost-effectivesolutiontomanyembeddedcontrolapplications.

Functioncharacteristic

TheAT89C51providesthefollowingstandardfeatures:4KbytesofFlash,128bytesofRAM,32I/Olines,two16-bittimer/counters,afivevectortwo-levelinterruptarchitecture,afullduplexserialport,on-chiposcillatorandclockcircuitry.Inaddition,theAT89C51isdesignedwithstaticlogicforoperationdowntozerofrequencyandsupportstwosoftwareselectablepowersavingmodes.TheIdleModestopstheCPUwhileallowingtheRAM,timer/counters,serialportandinterruptsystemtocontinuefunctioning.ThePower-downModesavestheRAMcontentsbutfreezestheoscillatordisablingallotherchipfunctionsuntilthenexthardwarereset.

PinDescription

VCC：Supplyvoltage.

GND：Ground.

Port0：

Port0isan8-bitopen-drainbi-directionalI/Oport.Asanoutputport,eachpincansinkeightTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoport0pins,thepinscanbeusedashighimpedanceinputs.Port0mayalsobeconfiguredtobethemultiplexedloworderaddress/databusduringaccessestoexternalprogramanddatamemory.InthismodeP0hasinternalpullups.Port0alsoreceivesthecodebytesduringFlashprogramming,andoutputsthecodebytesduringprogramverification.Externalpullupsarerequiredduringprogramverification.

Port1

Port1isan8-bitbi-directionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort1outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort1pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port1pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent(IIL)becauseoftheinternalpullups.Port1alsoreceivesthelow-orderaddressbytesduringFlashprogrammingandverification.

Port2

Port2isan8-bitbi-directionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort2outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort2pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port2pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent,becauseoftheinternalpullups.Port2emitsthehigh-orderaddressbyteduringfetchesfromexternalprogrammemoryandduringaccessestoexternaldatamemorythatuse16-bitaddresses.Inthisapplication,itusesstronginternalpullupswhenemitting1s.Duringaccessestoexternaldatamemorythatuse8-bitaddresses,Port2emitsthecontentsoftheP2SpecialFunctionRegister.Port2alsoreceivesthehigh-orderaddressbitsandsomecontrolsignalsduringFlashprogrammingandverification.

Port3

Port3isan8-bitbi-directionalI/Oportwithinternalpullups.ThePort3outputbufferscansink/sourcefourTTLinputs.When1sarewrittentoPort3pinstheyarepulledhighbytheinternalpullupsandcanbeusedasinputs.Asinputs,Port3pinsthatareexternallybeingpulledlowwillsourcecurrent(IIL)becauseofthepullups.Port3alsoservesthefunctionsofvariousspecialfeaturesoftheAT89C51aslistedbelow:

Port3alsoreceivessomecontrolsignalsforFlashprogrammingandverification.

RST

Resetinput.Ahighonthispinfortwomachinecycleswhiletheoscillatorisrunningresetsthedevice.

ALE/PROG

AddressLatchEnableoutputpulseforlatchingthelowbyteoftheaddressduringaccessestoexternalmemory.Thispinisalsotheprogrampulseinput(PROG)duringFlashprogramming.InnormaloperationALEisemittedataconstantrateof1/6theoscillatorfrequency,andmaybeusedforexternaltimingorclockingpurposes.Note,however,thatoneALEpulseisskippedduringeachaccesstoexternalDataMemory.

Ifdesired,ALEoperationcanbedisabledbysettingbit0ofSFRlocation8EH.Withthebitset,ALEisactiveonlyduringaMOVXorMOVCinstruction.Otherwise,thepinisweaklypulledhigh.SettingtheALE-disablebithasnoeffectifthemicrocontrollerisinexternalexecutionmode.

PSEN

ProgramStoreEnableisthereadstrobetoexternalprogrammemory.WhentheAT89C51isexecutingcodefromexternalprogrammemory,PSENisactivatedtwiceeachmachinecycle,exceptthattwoPSENactivationsareskippedduringeachaccesstoexternaldatamemory.

EA/VPP

ExternalAccessEnable.EAmustbestrappedtoGNDinordertoenablethedevicetofetchcodefromexternalprogrammemorylocationsstartingat0000HuptoFFFFH.Note,however,thatiflockbit1isprogrammed,EAwillbeinternallylatchedonreset.EAshouldbestrappedtoVCCforinternalprogramexecutions.Thispinalsoreceivesthe12-voltprogrammingenablevoltage(VPP)duringFlashprogramming,forpartsthatrequire12-voltVPP.

XTAL1

Inputtotheinvertingoscillatoramplifierandinputtotheinternalclockoperatingcircuit.

XTAL2

Outputfromtheinvertingoscillatoramplifier.

OscillatorCharacteristics

XTAL1andXTAL2aretheinputandoutput,respectively,ofaninvertingamplifierwhichcanbeconfiguredforuseasanon-chiposcillator,asshowninFigure1.Eitheraquartzcrystalorceramicresonatormaybeused.Todrivethedevicefromanexternalclocksource,XTAL2shouldbeleftunconnectedwhileXTAL1isdrivenasshowninFigure2.Therearenorequirementsonthedutycycleoftheexternalclocksignal,sincetheinputtotheinternalclockingcircuitryisthroughadivide-by-twoflip-flop,butminimumandmaximumvoltagehighandlowtimespecificationsmustbeobserved.

Figure1.OscillatorConnectionsFigure2.ExternalClockDriveConfiguration

IdleMode

Inidlemode,theCPUputsitselftosleepwhilealltheonchipperipheralsremainactive.Themodeisinvokedbysoftware.Thecontentoftheon-chipRAMandallthespecialfunctionsregistersremainunchangedduringthismode.Theidlemodecanbeterminatedbyanyenabledinterruptorbyahardwarereset.Itshouldbenotedthatwhenidleisterminatedbyahardwarereset,thedevicenormallyresumesprogramexecution,fromwhereitleftoff,uptotwomachinecyclesbeforetheinternalresetalgorithmtakescontrol.On-chiphardwareinhibitsaccesstointernalRAMinthisevent,butaccesstotheportpinsisnotinhibited.ToeliminatethepossibilityofanunexpectedwritetoaportpinwhenIdleisterminatedbyreset,theinstructionfollowingtheonethatinvokesIdleshouldnotbeonethatwritestoaportpinortoexternalmemory.

Power-downMode

Inthepower-downmode,theoscillatorisstopped,andtheinstructionthatinvokespower-downisthelastinstructionexecuted.Theon-chipRAMandSpecialFunctionRegistersretaintheirvaluesuntilthepower-downmodeisterminated.Theonlyexitfrompower-downisahardwarereset.ResetredefinestheSFRsbutdoesnotchangetheon-chipRAM.TheresetshouldnotbeactivatedbeforeVCCisrestoredtoitsnormaloperatinglevelandmustbeheldactivelongenoughtoallowtheoscillatortorestartandstabilize.

ProgramMemoryLockBits

Onthechiparethreelockbitswhichcanbeleftunprogrammed(U)orcanbeprogrammed(P)toobtaintheadditionalfeatureslistedinthetablebelow.

Whenlockbit1isprogrammed,thelogiclevelattheEApinissampledandlatchedduringreset.Ifthedeviceispoweredupwithoutareset,thelatchinitializestoarandomvalue,andholdsthatvalueuntilresetisactivated.ItisnecessarythatthelatchedvalueofEAbeinagreementwiththecurrentlogiclevelatthatpininorderforthedevicetofunctionproperly

单片机英文参考文献

单片机英文参考文献

　　[1]李广弟等单片机基础北京航空航天出版社，2001.7

　　[2]楼然苗等51系列单片机设计实例北京航空轿宴航天出版社，2003.3

　　[3]唐俊翟等单片机原理与应用冶金工业出版社，2003.9

　　[4]刘瑞新等单片机原理及应用教程机械工业出版社，2003.7

　　[5]吴国经等单片机应用技术中国电力出版社，2004.1

　　[6]李全利，迟荣强编著单片机原理及接口技术高等教育出版社，2004.1

　　[7]侯媛彬等，凌阳单片机原理及其毕业设计精选2006年，科学出版社

　　银羡[8]罗亚非，凌阳十六位单片机应用基础2003年北京航空航天大学出版社

　　[9]北京北阳电子有限公司，061A凌阳单片机及其附带光盘2003年

　　[10]张毅刚等，MCS-51单片机应用设计，哈工大出版社，2004年第2版

　　[11]霍孟友等，单片机原理与应用，机械工业出版社，2004.1

　　[12]霍孟友等，单片机原理与应用学习概要及题解，机械工业出版社，闭搏银2005.3

　　[13]许泳龙等，单片机原理及应用，机械工业出版社，2005.1

　　[14]马忠梅等，单片机的C语言应用程序设计，北京航空航天大学出版社，2003修订版

　　[15]薛均义张彦斌虞鹤松樊波，凌阳十六位单片机原理及应用，2003年，北京航空航天大学出版社;

关于单片机方面的英文文献,最还有翻译

基于单片机的电子表设计

　　摘要：近年来随着计算机在社会领域的渗透和大规模集成电路的发展，单片机的应用正在不断地走向深入，由于它具有功能强，体积小，功耗低，价格便宜，工作可靠，使用方便等特点，因此特别适合于与控制有坦首派关的系统，越来越广泛地应用于自动控制，智能化仪器，仪表，数据采集，军工产品以及家用电器等各个领域，单片机往往是作为一个核心部件来使用，在根据具体硬件结构，以及针对具体应用对象特点的软件结合，以作完善。

　　本次做的电子表是以单片机（AT89S51）为核心，结合相关的元器件（共阴让贺极LED数码显示器、芹腔BCD-锁存/7段译码等），再配以相应的软件，达到实现时钟日历显示的功能，也具有日历计算、显示和时钟、日历的校准，以及多路开关定时输出等功能，其硬件部分难点在于元器件的选择、布局及焊接。

BasedonthedesignofelectronicSCM

Abstract:Inrecentyears,withcomputerpenetrationinthesocialsphereandthedevelopmentoflarge-scaleintegratedcircuits,MCUapplicationsareconstantlydeepening,asithasafunctionofstrong,smallsize,lowpowerconsumption,cheap,reliable,Easytouse,andothercharacteristics,andthereforeparticularlysuitedtocontrolthesystem,morewidelyusedinautomaticcontrol,intelligentinstruments,meters,dataacquisition,militaryproductsandhouseholdappliances,andotherfields,theMCUisoftenasacorePartstouse,inaccordancewithspecifichardwareandapplication-specificcharacteristicsoftheobjectwithsoftwaretomakeperfect.

ThisisdoneinelectronicformSCM(AT89S51)asthecore,thecombinationofrelatedcomponents(ofcathodeLEDdigitaldisplay,BCD-latch/7ofthedecoder,andsoon),Coupledwiththecorrespondingsoftware,toachieveClockcalendarshowsthatthefunctionofthecalendaralsocalculated,displayandtheclock,thecalendarofcalibration,andmulti-channelKaiguandingshioutput,andotherfunctions,someofitshardwarecomponentsisdifficultchoice,layoutandwelding.